Accelerated Reading :: Teaching Education

Accelerated Reading A.R. enounceing is the new choice of torture among t for each oneers across the Issaquah School District (411). A.R. stands for Accelerated Reading. This is the growth in which a student will take a vocabulary test at the beginning of the school year which will be graded. On this grading scale, students receive a reading range in which they are aloud to read keep backs according to their difficulty level. As well as having to read according to what your reading level is, you have to also gain points by taking a test on the book you previously read. The number of points a book is expenditure has to do with its difficulty. For example a book with a reading level of 10.5 with 390 pages and a character sizing of 10 point, readiness be worth 45 points. But a book with a reading level of 2.0 with 15 pages and a character size of 35, might be worth 1 point. In Ms. Hardys 4th period class, all students had to earn 60 points, 30 A.R., and 30 not A.R. this counts as 20 per centum of your grade. When asked, What is the point of A.R.? Mr. Brown, a 7th and 8th grade woodshop and cooking teacher answered, We love to see you suffer Honestly, A.R. really is pointless. Instead of forcing reading onto kids, teachers should make it fun. And teachers might even make it so it doesnt make or break your grade. If you take the time to think nearly it, the average reading level is about 8.5. The average point level for a book is about the same, 8.5. The average person reads about two pages per minute, and the average number of pages for an 8 point book is about 300 to 350. Therefor, the average person would have to read about an hour a day, on top of the average amount of homework for each class which is about a half hour per class per day, so this adds up to about 3 to 4 hours of homework a day, not numerate projects and studying for tests.

Humanism :: essays research papers

HumanismThe word adult maleism has a number of meanings, and because there be so manydifferent meanings it can be quite confusing if you dont know what kind ofhumanism someone is talking about.Literary Humanism is a devotion to the humanities or literary culture.Renaissance Humanism is the spirit of learning that developed at the end of themiddle ages with the revival of classical letter and a renewed confidence inthe ability of human beings to determine for themselves truth and falsehood.Cultural Humanism is the rational and empirical tradition that originatedlargely in ancient Greece and Rome, evolved through out European history, andnow constitutes a basic part of the Western approach to science, politicaltheory, ethics, and law.Philosophical Humanism is any brain or way of life centered on human need andinterest. Sub categories of this type include the two following.Christian Humanism is defined by Websters Third New International Dictionary asa philosophy advocating the self fulfillment of man within the framework ofChristian principles. This more human oriented faith is largely a product ofthe Renaissance and is a part of what made up Renaissance humanism.Modern Humanism, also called Naturalistic Humanism, Scien- tific Humanism, estimable Humanism and Democratic Humanism is defined by one of its leadingproponents, Corollas Lamont, as a naturalistic philosophy that rejects allsupernaturalism and relies primarily upon land and science, democracy andhuman compassion. Modern Humanism has a dual origin, both secular andreligious, and these constitute its sub categories. sacrilegious Humanism is an outgrowth of 18th speed of light enlightenment rationalism and19th century freethought. Many secular groups, such as the Council forDemocratic and Secular Humanism and the American Rationalist Federation, andmany otherwise unaffiliated academic philosophers and scientists advocate thisphilosophy.Religious Humanism emerged out of Ethical Culture, Unitarianism, andUniversalism. Today, many Unitarian- Universalist congregations and all EthicalCulture societies describe themselves as do-gooder in the modern sense.The most critical irony in dealing with Modern Humanism is theinability of its supporters to agree on whether or not this knowledge domain veiw isreligious. The Secular Humanists believe it is a philosophy, where theReligious Humanists obviously believe it is a religion. This has been going onsince the early years of the century where the Secular and Religious traditionsunite and made Modern Humanism.Secular and Religious Humanists both share the same world views as shown by thesigning of the Humanist Manifestos I and II. The signers of the Manifestos wereboth Secular and Religious Humanists.To serve personal needs, Religious Humanism offers a basis for moral values, aninspiring set of ideals , methods for dealing with lifes harsher realities, a

Facts and Innovation of Education in China Essay -- Education Chinese

Facts and Innovation of Education in ChinaI lived in a city and had a shopworn extravagantly school student life as others. I got up at 700 in the morning and tried non to be later(a) for the morning class which is half an hour later. Then I had 9 classes manger 500 in the afternoon, during which I could eat my one-hour-long lunch. Even at night and on weekends, I had to deal with tons of homework and tests, or locked myself in the classroom.It sounds godforsaken to have only one day per week free without classes or to stay at school more than at home, but millions of Chinese students ar experiencing both situations. One research reveals that nearly 7 out of 10 students in Beijing have to attend classes during winter breaks. Another says that 67% of risque school students have less than 7 hours sleep per day and approximately 42% students have less than half an hour free time per day. one-half of them have no free time at all.For most high students in China, all the hard wo rk aims at one thing, and the thing is called the subject field College Entrance examination. In fact, its an interrogatory which lasts 2 or 3 days depending individually on provinces, takes place nationally and synchronously, and the final score of the exam determines which college a student may get in. Although students fill out forms indicating several(prenominal) colleges they would like to apply to, the fact is they merely have one chance basically, which is the first base choice. And once a student fails to get in his first choice, his chances of getting into other colleges are enormously decreased because the spaces have been filled already.Mostly, the Entrance Examination is the only way a college evaluates and admits a student. And in China, a honourable college degree more or less guarantees a promisi... ...a crushing fairer education environment. employ CitedJiajie Li, Yang Zhenning jiaoshou bijiao zhongmei jiaoyu (Prof. Zhenning Yang compares education between Chi na and the US), Guangming Daily, June 18, 2004.Maolin Ye, Dui Zhongguo fazhan mingban jiaoyu de sikao (Thoughts about developing private schools in China) available from http//edu.tom.com/1050/20031030-1455.html Internet accessed December 1, 2004.Chenxin Zhou, Peng Jiang, Zhongguo shisheng pubian renwei gaozhong kecheng guoduo guonan (Students and teachers consider high schoolwork load withal much and too hard) available from http//www.wendu.com/Training/11611.html Internet accessed December 1, 2004.Guangcheng Liang, Jiaoyu buneng mangmu xihua (Do not westernize education blindly) available from http//maths.guangztr.edu.cn/kcgg/bnmmxh.htm Internet accessed December 1, 2004. Facts and Innovation of Education in China Essay -- Education Chinese Facts and Innovation of Education in ChinaI lived in a city and had a standard high school student life as others. I got up at 700 in the morning and tried not to be late for the morning class which is half an hour later. Then I had 9 classes till 500 in the afternoon, during which I could eat my one-hour-long lunch. Even at night and on weekends, I had to deal with tons of homework and tests, or locked myself in the classroom.It sounds crazy to have only one day per week free without classes or to stay at school more than at home, but millions of Chinese students are experiencing both situations. One research reveals that nearly 7 out of 10 students in Beijing have to attend classes during winter breaks. Another says that 67% of high school students have less than 7 hours sleep per day and about 42% students have less than half an hour free time per day. Half of them have no free time at all.For most high students in China, all the hard work aims at one thing, and the thing is called the National College Entrance Examination. In fact, its an exam which lasts 2 or 3 days depending individually on provinces, takes place nationally and synchronously, and the final score of the exam determines which college a student may get in. Although students fill out forms indicating several colleges they would like to apply to, the fact is they merely have one chance basically, which is the first choice. And once a student fails to get in his first choice, his chances of getting into other colleges are enormously decreased because the spaces have been filled already.Mostly, the Entrance Examination is the only way a college evaluates and admits a student. And in China, a good college degree more or less guarantees a promisi... ...a crushing fairer education environment.Work CitedJiajie Li, Yang Zhenning jiaoshou bijiao zhongmei jiaoyu (Prof. Zhenning Yang compares education between China and the US), Guangming Daily, June 18, 2004.Maolin Ye, Dui Zhongguo fazhan mingban jiaoyu de sikao (Thoughts about developing private schools in China) available from http//edu.tom.com/1050/20031030-1455.html Internet accessed December 1, 2004.Chenxin Zhou, Peng Jiang, Zhongguo shisheng pubian renwei gaozhong ke cheng guoduo guonan (Students and teachers consider high schoolwork load too much and too hard) available from http//www.wendu.com/Training/11611.html Internet accessed December 1, 2004.Guangcheng Liang, Jiaoyu buneng mangmu xihua (Do not westernize education blindly) available from http//maths.guangztr.edu.cn/kcgg/bnmmxh.htm Internet accessed December 1, 2004.

Ayn Rand Essay -- essays research papers fc

This essay will discuss the life and works of Ayn Rand. Thewoman who would become Ayn Rand was born AliceRosenbaum on February 2, 1905. (Branden, Barbara pg.31986). She was born during the eleventh year of NicholasIIs reign in Russia.(Baker pg.1 1987). Rands birth wasjust before a revolution in Russia, however this revolutionwas put cumulation by her first year.(Branden, Barbara pg.31986). The Rosenbaums lived quite comfortably under theczar.(Baker pg.1 1987). Beneath their large apartment wasFronz Rosenbaums chemist shop.(Branden, Barbara pg. 41986). Rands father was a serious man whom she neverknew very well.(Branden, Barbara pg.4 1986). Aynsmother, Anna Rosenbaum, was the opposite of her fatherand was very sociable. (Branden, Barbara pg. 4-5 1986).As a child, Rand did not have a true sense of affection withher father. (Branden, Barbara pg.5 1986). However, shedid develop a dependable bond of love with him as she grewolder. (Branden, Barbara pg. 4 1986). Ayn did not getalong wel l with her mother. (Branden, Barbara pg.5 1986).Although the Rosenbaum family was traditionally Jewish, itis said that Rand really did not have a sacred upbringing.(Baker pg.2 1987). As a result, she became atheist as achild after coming to the conclusion that believing in God isdegrading to humans in the sense that man should live forno one else but himself. (Baker pg.3 1987). Randdiscovered a passion for upbeat, lively music which shebegan collecting on records. (Branden, Barbara pg.81986). By the clock she was five years of age, she had twolittle sisters, Natasha and Elena. (Branden, Barbara pg.71986). As a whole, Ayns childhood was not a pleasantexperience for her in later years it turn up to be anunhappy memory as well. (Branden, Barbara pg.34 1986).Ayn Rand received a good education and learned to readand write at age six. (Baker pg.2 1987). She found herclasses oil production and too easy. (Baker pg.2 1987). This takeher to begin writing simple short stories and novels. (Bakerpg.2 1987). Rands inability to fit in socially at school andher boredom with the education she was receiving led herto become somewhat of a recluse with one exception herpassion for literature. (Branden, Barbara pg.11 1986).Literature seemed to absorb Ayn more than any otherthing it intrigued her and gave her much frolic to readand soon, to write. (Branden, Barbara p... ...ssionate goal--to create her ideal worldand her ideal man. And at the end of her life--despite theodds against her, despite the pain and the losses, despitethe illness and anguish and death--it was done." (Branden,Barbara pg.404 1986). "Its a pitying universe, and Ilove it, and any struggle was worth it. Struggle orunhappiness are so enormously unimportant. I dont regreta flake of my life." (Branden, Barbara pg.404 1986 saidby Ayn Rand). Rand led an eventful and memorable life.She inspired many with her novels and her philosophy. Theworld has gained tremendous insights and knowledge fromthe p hilosophy and intriguing novels of Ayn Rand.Bibliography Branden, Barbara The Passion of Ayn Rand1986 Bantam Doubleday Dell publish Group Inc. NewYork, N.Y. Nathaniel, Branden Judgement Day My Yearswith Ayn Rand 1989 Houghton Mifflin Company Boston,Massachusetts James T. Baker Ayn Rand 1987 G.K. Halland Co. Boston, Massachusetts The Ayn Rand Column ACollection of her hebdomadal Newspaper Articles Written forthe Los Angeles Times. With additional, little-knownessays by Ayn Rand 1971, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1979,1991 Second Renaissance Books Oceanside, CA

The Poetry Lesson by Don Maclennan Essay -- essays research papers fc

In the poem The Poetry Lesson by Don Maclennan an ironic mood emerges. The poem is about an slope song lecturer. He expresses his views and feelings on his lessons, how he might have impacted on the lives, altered the views and the challenges he has moderaten his students. He states what he expects from his students. It is interesting to note that Don Maclennan is in fact a South Afri commode English poetry lecturer. I thus assume that this poem is a reflection on how he views himself and his students. I intend to give a detailed analysis of the poem, by defining the type of irony that occurs in the poem and commenting on the use of irony and the nature of the poems commentary on itself. I will give my interpretation of each stanza of the poem and indicate where the irony of a given situation is.Irony as The untried worldwide Websters Pocket Dictionary describes it isA paradox betwixt what happens and what does or might be expected to happen a literary style a lot used to moc k or satirize convention.(NIWPD 2002 247)The predominant form of irony in the poem is situational irony, which John Dury defined asA discrepancy between appearance or likelihood and an actual reality.(Dury 1995 140)M.H. Abrams terms this type as structural irony, which is defined asThe author, instead of using occasional verbal irony, introduces a structural feature that serves to sustain a duplex meaning and evaluation throughout the work.(Abrams 2005 135)Both these definitions are accurate in describing the type of irony that is represent in the poem. This will be discussed in the subsequent paragraphs.Upon completion of reading the poem The Poetry Lesson, it can be said the title of the poem can be construed to be ironic. As this is a poem about a poetry lesson, I assume the poet will talk about a poetry lesson where he is analysing a... ...essage across. He does this by drawing on his own life experiences. It would seem that this is what Maclennan wanted the readers of his poe m to do.Word Count 1 301BibliographyMacclenan, Don. 1995. The Poetry Lesson. In Clarkson, C. Mkhize, J. MacKenzie, C. Mnqadi, S. 2005. Anthology of Poetry and Short Stories. University of Johannesburg Content Solutions. pp. 51-53.Abrams, M.H. 1999. Irony A Glossary of Literary Terms/Seventh Boston MacPeek, Earl.Dury, John. 1995. The Poetry Dictionary. United States of America Story Press.2002 The New International Websters Pocket Dictionary Quebecor World Peru. Trident Press International.Van Heerden, J-M. 2005. How to Write a Critical Examination of a Literary Work English 1A. Johannesburg University of Johannesburg, February.

The Poetry Lesson by Don Maclennan Essay -- essays research papers fc

In the poem The Poetry Lesson by Don Maclennan an ironic mood emerges. The poem is about an slope poem lecturer. He expresses his views and feelings on his lessons, how he might have impacted on the lives, altered the views and the challenges he has tryn his students. He states what he expects from his students. It is interesting to note that Don Maclennan is in fact a South Afri faecal matter English poetry lecturer. I thus assume that this poem is a reflection on how he views himself and his students. I intend to give a detailed analysis of the poem, by defining the type of irony that occurs in the poem and commenting on the use of irony and the nature of the poems commentary on itself. I will give my interpretation of each stanza of the poem and indicate where the irony of a given situation is.Irony as The in the altogether worldwide Websters Pocket Dictionary describes it isA paradox mingled with what happens and what does or might be expected to happen a literary style p ractically used to mock or satirize convention.(NIWPD 2002 247)The predominant form of irony in the poem is situational irony, which John Dury defined asA discrepancy between appearance or likelihood and an actual reality.(Dury 1995 140)M.H. Abrams terms this type as structural irony, which is defined asThe author, instead of using occasional verbal irony, introduces a structural feature that serves to sustain a duplex meaning and evaluation throughout the work.(Abrams 2005 135)Both these definitions are accurate in describing the type of irony that is beat in the poem. This will be discussed in the subsequent paragraphs.Upon completion of reading the poem The Poetry Lesson, it can be said the title of the poem can be construed to be ironic. As this is a poem about a poetry lesson, I assume the poet will talk about a poetry lesson where he is analysing a... ...essage across. He does this by drawing on his own life experiences. It would seem that this is what Maclennan wanted the r eaders of his poem to do.Word Count 1 301BibliographyMacclenan, Don. 1995. The Poetry Lesson. In Clarkson, C. Mkhize, J. MacKenzie, C. Mnqadi, S. 2005. Anthology of Poetry and Short Stories. University of Johannesburg Content Solutions. pp. 51-53.Abrams, M.H. 1999. Irony A Glossary of Literary Terms/Seventh Boston MacPeek, Earl.Dury, John. 1995. The Poetry Dictionary. United States of America Story Press.2002 The New International Websters Pocket Dictionary Quebecor World Peru. Trident Press International.Van Heerden, J-M. 2005. How to Write a Critical Examination of a Literary Work English 1A. Johannesburg University of Johannesburg, February.

Enlightement Thinkers And Vincent Van Gogh Essay

The Enlightenment outlook embraced starkdom and progress, viewing humanity with optimism watch optimism, but optimism nonetheless. The eras thinkers believed that humanity was inherent good but flawed, though with the proper guidance and environment it could be improved, if not perfected. Condorcet saw no limits to human potential, claiming that nature has set no limit to the perfection of human faculties (Gay 119) and that if humanity sought the right goals, the future would yield this.Similarly, Rousseau argued for humanitys essential decency, yet he did not believe it was unconditional he believed that in the right circumstances, with the right education and the right society, man might become a decent citizen (Gay 171). In addition, Europeans considered Benjamin Franklin proof of their ideas a man who had sought higher goals and outlets for his immense talents and energies and practiced Enlightenment virtues like civic duty and mind accomplishment. Van Gogh shared the Enligh tenment thinkers esteem for freedom and human dignity, writing in 1880 that men are often faced with the impossibility of doing anything, immure in some kind of cage. . . . Sometimes the prison is called prejudice, misunderstanding, or fatal ignorance. . . . (Suh 17) He claimed he painted in order to ennoble laborers and the poor, whom many despised and viewed with humble sympathy, hoping to draw peoples attention to matters that need to be noticed (Suh 43).For example, works like The Potato Eaters depict their subjects in difficult, even squalid conditions but do not condemn or judge them, as Van Gogh considered such people worthy of dignity. Though Van Gogh was not overtly political (which several key Enlightenment thinkers were), he demonstrated an anti-elitist outlook resembling the Enlightenment sense of egalitarianism, and believed that humanity could fix its flaws by increasing its understanding of others and breaking free from the mental prisons he described.REFERENCESGay, Peter. The Enlightenment. New York W.W. Norton, 1977.Suh, H. Anna. Ed. Vincent Van Gogh. New York Black Dog and Leventhal, 2006.

Company Profile Bigmak Essay

For every story of triumph and success theres always a powerful belief To accomplish great things, one mustiness not only dream,, but alike act, not only plan but also believe There once a couple who know dreamt long and believed anything is possible, with one grinder and pieces of margarine cap used as pattern for making patties and with hard work and faith in God- the key ingredients of which lapse us to this success story.In 1980, Mr. Francis Bulado Dy, a native from Mauban, Quezon after being married to Ms. Edna Beltran Aycardo had started their married life in the island of Burdeos, Quezon, the homet profess of Ms. Edna Aycardo. Having a clich in line of reasoning that runs through and through their blood, the couple had continue the established business of Ms. Edna Aycardo when she is still single the ENJ Merchandising.The business is basic whollyy into retailing and wholesaling business of solid regimen commodities, household needs, hardware which includes a underage pharmacy, as Mrs. Edna Dy being a licensed pharmacist. In 1982, as an added business in the island and Mr. Francis Dys background to this field of the business, peaceful Copra employment was formed. The copra dealership business has currently three (3) branches on Polilio, Mauban and Burdeos, Quezon.In 1984, having gifted with business acumen certainly had not s pass alongped them from venturing into other business. When they transferred residence to Lucena City, Quezon for the procreation of their eldest son, Mark Francis Dy, they wanted to start another business venture in line with food. As currently a fad or food craze at that time, business relating to burgers and hotdogs get upes is what they wanted to go into business next. Mr. FrancisDy likes to formulate his own products that would look more competitive and desirable to meticulous sandwich aficionados and will excel in taste. Firstly, he must create a good business name.The supposed political party name must shake a n ame recall that people can easily remember. He wanted the corporate name to be common and certainly related to the nature of business. As creative as he is, he was able to create an appropriate and eyecatching company name. The LC. BIG MAK BURGER was born. The name was derived from Mr. Francis DYs parents name, Maxima And Kimsuy, and added the word BIG which connotes big buns and patties. To distinguish the origin or home of the business, which is in Lucena City, the word, L.C. was added. BURGER signifies the products being sold.On November 8, 1984, they established the very initial van outlet located at Quezon Avenue corner Rizal Street in Lucena City. The second van outlet was launched on February 17, 1985, which was positioned at Quezon Avenue corner MS Enverga Street, 400 meters away from the first van. LC Big Mak Burger then chained to Gumaca, Batangas and as far as Bicol region. There is a need to have some changes and improvement on the production and the company started to hire food consultants and technologists to make sure that the taste suits the customers. It was successful, as sales have doubled.On March 18, 1988, after more or less quadruplet (4) years of hardship and sacrifices came the inauguration and blessing of a newly constructed Big Mak U-shaped building. This building became the new office and production area. At this time, the LC Big Mak Burger, Inc. had thirty (30) outlets that served the worldly concern from Lucena City to San Pablo and other discordant towns of Quezon, Batangas, Laguna and and eventually had gone up to more than 100 outlets in Calabarzon areas. Starting the year 1988 and for the succeeding next v (5) years, LC Big Mak Burger, Inc. ventured into more branches in Metro Manila and nearby towns of Cavite, Rizal and Bulacan.Neopolitan areas covered more than 50 outlets. Going to the North up to Tarlac, La Union and Ilocos. elaboration has widespread that it covered sideways of the eastern part of Luzon to Isabela and Cagayan. Total outlets established were more than 200 outlets. Within these five (5) years of operation, LC Big Mak Burger, Inc. has covered the unblemished Luzon. These expansion programs werebrought rapidly by the profitable venture and increased sales. The company acquired properties in Tarlac, Isabela and in Quezon City, which housed the branch offices, bakeries and depots. Several food centers were also opened on these periods.During the same period, due to the continuing expansion coverage of area of operation, the demands for attachmental delivery and transport service was needed. The management created a trucking and motor pussycat service to support its operation, thus the MDL Trucking Services (which was named after their 3 children, Mark, Dave & Lei) was created.In 1995, Due to the continued volume sales and demand, the company required to cat up a much bigger manufacturing plant that could produce higher volume quantity. The construction of the manufacturing plant st arted and the plant was named Southern Processing Corporation (SPC). It was inaugurated on February 18. 1996. The management acquired modern equipments, tools and other machineries which will make the production much faster and efficient so as to sustain our inflating product demand.Aside from the productions intend for L.C. Big Mak Burger, Inc. consumption, the plant also serves the public by creating a sales arm called the Southern Delights. It has wide varieties of meat products from siopao, siomai, lucban longganisa, ham, bacon, and different kinds of hotdogs, beef patties, tocino, corned beef, tapa and other cold cuts.LC Big Mak Burger, Inc. started to hire additional qualified staff approximatelyly in 1995. This is in preparation for the expansion program that will be launched starting 1996. With the modern facilities of the plant, the company can now expand down to the Southern part of the Philippines Visayas islands.Thus, in 1997 the company expands initially to Cebu City with 50 outlets, followed by the expansion at Tacloban City with another 50 outlets and lastly in Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental with another 50 outlets. The company acquired properties in Tacloban and Cebu.During the same period, they havealso created the BIGMAK Catering Services. As the demand grew and the couples fashion for food, service and untiring innovations they have decided to expand and start a new business, thus a bed cover hall named Queen Margarette Court was established. It would cater and service the needs for events, functions, conventions, celebrations and other type of affairs not only to public demands but also its own conglomerates affairs. The Court got the publics approval as shown by its fully booked listings. It had initially 3 big and 3 mini functions rooms with modern facilities and amenities.Likewise, a hands agency was opened to primarily hire crews, staffs and personnel for the existing businesses. It was opened to serve the needs of the company and posterior served also the public as well. The demands were high that another two (2) companies were created, one is the Gain Manpower Services and another after which was created, the CARES. These are all manpower and placement agencies.As an added expansion, it was on 1999 Queen Margarette Hotel was inaugurated. It has 43 air conditioned suites and rooms with modern amenities such as pool, mini bar, Jacuzzi and other facilities of a modern hotel. It was tagged as the Best and the Finest in the Southern Tagalog region. Currently, there are a total of 65 rooms at the hotel or an addition of 12 luxurious rooms on the third floor.The fourth floor hosts four (4) additional function rooms which houses conference rooms for conventions and meetings, other functions and various hotel facilities & other services. Also in 2002, several businesses relating companies where built to make the mother business operates smoothly and to make other existing companies benefit from the facilities it o ffers.The Pacific naval Transport Corporation was inaugurated in February 18, 2002, as its two cargo lines MV Emerald and MV Little Mermaid are shipping to and from Polillo, Mauban & Burdeos transporting copra and other selling merchandises. It helped the existing Pacific Copra Trading and the ENJ Mega Store expand rapidly due to accessibility provided by the shipping business. From there on to the present, there were various developments and enormous progress that have had happened to the company. A lot of improvements were done. Currently, thereare 12 branch offices nationwide under company owned properties.On 2009, Southern Swine Paradise & Farm, Inc. was blessed and inaugurated. Its business is engaged on raising swine, hogs and other poultry and domestic animals for the purpose of supplying meat needs to local consumers.For more than two decades, LC. BIGMAK BURGERS INC. had been in the food service by providing the Filipino people with high quality, great-tasting and affordabl e products all over the country. It has over 800 outlets nationwide. It continuously grows as like the sandwich in multitudinous in number sold as it has been miraculously and continuously patronized by local consumers. The blessings of God are like showers from heaven that falls to the couple. They have been chosen by God to share these blessings to a lot of people. These blessings should be shared and not to be wasted to a haste. Let us all be thankful to HIM for all these graces.We can achieve our vision through1. BOUNDLESS TERRITORY we intend to expand our business in areas which we think is possible to the company. We recognize no limits in boundaries. Our priority is to penetrate the whole Philippines and finally we can tap the global market.2. EXCELLENT VALUE FOR CUSTOMERS we view our customers as our most important corporate assets. They are the essence of our being in existence. They deserve only the best value we can give. A combination of quality product, valid price , convenient, fast and friendly service. We believethat creating value for our customers is the best way to create value for the corporation. By providing only the best for our customers, L.C. Big Mak Burger, Inc. is destined to be recognized as one of the leaders in the food chain industry. 3. SOCIAL ACCOUNTABILITY L.C. Big Mak Burger, Inc. recognizes its responsibility to society. Its business, activities and policies are aligned with that of governing institutions. It support government programs on nation building and economic progress. Likewise, L.C. Big Mak Burger, Inc. shares its blessings with the Filipino people through its community out stretching program.4. TOP QUALITY PEOPLE L.C. Big Mak Burger, Inc. employs only the top quality people. There is no compromise for mediocrity. We regard our highly qualified employees as our most valuable resources. Without them, we will not be able to reach our objectives. In return we would like to make all employees feel secure in the ir jobs, to promote their total welfare and to ensure their growth both as a professional and as a person. We hope to achieve this by providing them with healthy working environment, professional organizational mechanism, as well as higher up average wage and benefits compensation packages.

Informative Marijuana Speech Essay

ganja, the Killer Drug as it has been c wholeed, has been around for longer than you think a. People really acceptt know the origins or the properties of the plant at all. b. Not only has the usage of pot begetn in recent years, but the number of strains and uses shoot grown as well. Lately state legislation across the nation have allowed marihuana for medical and even recreational use. However at that place atomic number 18 still many let on there against ganja, translateing its harmful for you or makes you lazy and inattentiveTransition The growing of marijuana on Ameri fire soil actually dates back to the 1600s in the reverberate of Hemp and wasnt considered the Killer Drug until about 1910Body1. Back then marihuana was used to produce rope, sails, and clothing. a. All vital finished products that the colonists relied on to live. 2. In fact in 1619 the Virginia Assembly passed a legislation that required each and either farmer to grow hemp on their land. a. Hemp comes from the fibers of a marijuana plant stem.b. Hemp became so important that it actually was considered a legal peeled in colonial markets. i. In fact the Deceleration of Independence was written on hemp. 3. However back then, no one thought to every apprehend it up and put it in a pipe like people do nowadays. 4. As the 19th century rolled around many pharmacies began exploitation at refined hemp, marijuana, in many medicines to treat ailments ranging from a toothache to a broken heart. 5. Marijuana didnt get a bad take a shit until 1910 during the Mexican Revolution. a. During the revolution Mexicans came over the border in waves and with them they introduced marijuana for recreational uses to the U.S. citizens b. The plant became associated with the immigrants, and the public fear and prejudice became one with marijuana. Any terrible abhorrence that was committed by a Mexican immigrant was blamed on marijuana. i. Thats just unfair honestly.c. It took until the 1960s for mariju ana to be used widely in America. i. Reports commissioned by JFK and Johnson discovered that marijuana had no chemicals present that led to violence nor lead to heavier drug usage. (PBS) Transition Since then marijuana enthusiasts went all out creating new strains with different purposes and highs as youd call it. 1. A strain is a specific type of marijuana, like a specific species. 2. All strains of marijuana come from two basic types.a. Sativa and Indica.3. Sativa plants usually grow tall and thin and are better suited for outdoor farming because its hard to grow a plant indoors that can sometimes reach 25 feet in height a. Also the Sativa high you get is more known to set aside energy and can be very uplifting to the user. This uplifting energy also sparks creativity in which you can see in many artists and musicians work. 4. Indica plants are nearly the exact opposite. They are better suited to indoor growing because its tendency to grow short and wide. a. The high you get fro m indica is usually a sleepy, fogged high. Couch Locked as people like to call it. Indica strains tend to have a very strong sweet or sour odor to the buds that can be very relaxing and is helpful when treating severe anxiety, sleeping disorders, and general body pain. 5. However these two strains are usually bred together to target definite form of effects that can be better suited to treat illnesses or just to be way more fun to smoke. Transition shortly the politicians around the country have begun passing legislation on the legal uses of marijuana. 1. As many people already know Colorado and Washington twain have legalized marijuana for recreational use. a. Some may say California has too, but at this point its still supposed to be just for medicinal purposes, and you forget be arrested without the proper licenses to possess marijuana. b. As of now there are 20 states in the nation that have some form of legalization. i. Two states, California and Washington, have completel y legalized weed. ii. Whereas the other 18 states have either decriminalized possession, making it a civil fine rather than criminal, or has do it attainable for medicinal use. c. The nation is taking steps, slowly but surely, to legalization across the board.Transition However the legal use of weed just doesnt benefit patients withpainful diseases, or people just trying to relax and have a good time. It could benefit the nations economy. Drastically. 1. Marijuana is presently one of the largest cash crops in the nation, and the government is receiving no benefit from it a. As of right now it is the largest cash crop in 3 states, a fleet 3 crop in 30, and a top 5 crop in 39 states. (NCBS). i. These profits are readily accessible as well.2. Since there has never been a time of widespread legal use among the nations people, its very hard to judge the kind of profits that will come from the sales. a. Economists for NBC have judged that this new market can raise anywhere from 10 to e ven 40 billion, but with the potential to grow to even light speed billion annually. Transition Its apparent that the selling of marijuana can generate large profits, but do you know the health benefits and risks? 1. First glowering there has never been a recorded overdose death because of marijuana. a. Thats a few million deaths short of alcohol and tobacco cause 2. Marijuana is used by cancer patients to reduce pain and induce appetite. a. Id like to quote a high school buddy of mine who was diagnosed with cancer at 18 They say pot smoking is entrance to harder drugs I say its an entrance to the local drive through. 3. According to the University of California, marijuana has been known to increase happiness, reduce anxiety, and might even contain cancer preventing chemicals. a. However, long term usage has also been linked to increased schizophrenia at an older age, as well as lowered IQs in young developing minds. 4. The big question is it addictive?a. Some say yes absolutely a ddictive Youll rot your mind out kid b. Scientists claim that marijuana is addictive, others claim the opposite. (WeedBlog) c. If you asked a user however theyd tell you peachy up I can quit whenever I want, I just choose not to. d. Im going to quote the late comedian Richard Neville here Is marijuana addictive? Yes, in the sense that most of the really pleasant things in life are worth repeating. Transition Hopefully I was able to shed some light onto yall about a very controversial subject in our modern ordering.Ending1. So next time you judge someone for smoking down, think about what Ivetold you. a. Its history in the U.S. dates back before the Deceleration of Independence was signed. i. Artists from all over the world for many decades attribute marijuana to their creativeness and success. ii. Its one of the few all natural medicines out there with no sloshed side effects. iii. Not to mention we as a people are just years away from full legalization. b. Marijuana has been ent renched in our society for a long time, and itll be here for even longer.

Research Change Models Essay

To make meaningful and semipermanent castrate in an system of rules, an institution needfully to follow the guidelines of a metamorphose moulding, a diagnostic instrument, and change intervention. This paper will discuss two change models, two diagnostic instruments, and two change interventions.Change moldsThe two change models discussed in this paper be Lewins Change Model and the perform research Model. Both of these models give a map on how to create change. Lewins model simplifies the process into three steps while the Action Research Model consists of eight steps. Both models three phases Research phase, changing phase, and solidification phase (Luckett, 2003).Lewins Change ModelLewin developed one of the very first models for change management (Luckett, 2003). He stated there atomic number 18 two types of good deal in an system of rules those who resist change and those who strive for change (Luckett, 2003 JPC, 1995 Spector, 2007). He stated the two groups need to be of equal measure to maintain homeostasis (Luckett, 2003 JPC, 1995 Pellettiere, 2006 Spector, 2007). When both groups of people are equal, a frozed state (freeze) is get tod. Lewin (as cited by JPC, 1995) states a driving force is needed to either streng hence the driving forces or weaken the restraining forces to achieve change (para 3). Spector (2007) states, to break the social habits that support existing patterns of behaviors, effective implementation needs to start with dissatisfaction, disequilibrium, and discomfort (p. 29). When one post is strengthened and/or one side is weakened then change (move) can be achieved.During this time, the organization goes through redesign, brand-new roles and responsibilities, and new relationships are made (Spector, 2007). After the change, or movement, is completed, the organization then needs to go back to a state of homeostasis (refreeze). Bridges (2003) echoed Lewins three stages to organizational change in his naming of the stages Ending, losing, letting go achromatic zone, and New Beginning (Bridges, 2003, p. 5 as cited by Stragalas, 2010, p. 31). Lewins model with its three steps may be too simplistic for many organizations to achieve change. Without a less ambiguous map, the organization may non be able to sustain change.Action Research ModelThe Action Research Model consists of eight steps Problem identification, consultation with behavioral science expert, data gathering and preliminary diagnosis, feedback to light upon client or group, colligation diagnosis of problem, joint action planning, action, and data gathering after collection (Boonstra, 2003 Luckett, 2003). The last five stages can be perpetual. After the last data gathering, the organization should return to feedback to key client or group. Once the feedback is given, the group may want to continue through the next steps. Whereas the diagnosis is completed through the unfreeze in Lewins model, in the Action Research model, diagnosis is com pleted during the problem identification, consultation, and data gathering steps (Luckett, 2003, p. 25).The changing phase for Lewin is the move step. In the Action Research model, the changing phase occurs during the feedback, joint diagnosis, action planning, and action steps (Luckett, 2003, p. 26). In Lewins model, the solidified phase takes place during the refreeze. In the Action Research model, solidification takes place during the gathering after the action (Luckett, 2003, p. 26). Moreover, the continual process of feedback synopsis solidifies the changes as the occur (Luckett, 2003, p. 27). Unlike the Lewin model, Action Research allows for perpetual analysis that facilitates adjustments in the organizations change plan (Luckett, 2003, p. 28).Diagnostic InstrumentsDiagnostic instruments, or assessment instruments, are used for data collection and to analyze an organization. Without a proper diagnosis, change is very likely to fail (Pellettiere, 2006). Alderfer (1980) states organizational diagnosis proceeds in there orderly phases entry, data collection, and feedback (p. 460). The entry phase consists of identifying who will participate in the assessment and if an agreement can be reached (Alderfer, 1980). The data collection phase consists of collecting the information and then analysis of the information (Alderfer, 1980). The feedback phase consists of sharing the results with the organization along with suggestions for the organization (Alderfer, 1980 Preziosi, 2012).The feedback should consist of strengths and weaknesses within the organization (Alderfer, 1980). Salem (2002) states there are three type of assessments structural assessments, functional assessments, and process assessments. Structural assessments are a snapshot of a specific point in time, functional assessments relates antecedents with actions and outcomes, and process assessments consists of collecting data over an extended period of time (Alderfer, 1980). grind away AnalysisSWOT Anlysis is an acronym which stands for strength, weakness, opportunities, and threats (Balamuralikrishna & Dugger, 1995 Boonstra, 2003 Hughes, 2007 Mind Tools, 2012 RapidBI, 2010 Renault, 2012). According to Balamuralikrishna & Dugger (1995), a SWOT analysis should cover the internal environment and external environment. In regards to education, the internal environment consists of faculty and staff, the learning environment, current students, operating budget, various committees, and research programs (Balamuralikrishna & Dugger, 1995, para. 13). External environment includes propective employers of graduates, parents and families of students, competing give instructions, population demographics, and funding agencies (Balamuralikrishna & Dugger, 1995, para. 14).SWOT analysis would be very beneficial to school systems. Understanding an organizations strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats assists the organization and their leaders to develop a plan of change that will be meaningful, measurable, and achievable. Balamuralikrishna & Dugger, 1995 give many drawbacks to the SWOT analysis. They chide against misusing information to justify a previously decided course of action rather than used as a means to open up new possibilities (Balamuralikrishna & Dugger, 1995, para. 19). They also warn against being too concerned about labels. For example, in many instances threats can also be considered opportunities depending upon the mindset of the leader and/or organization (Balamuralikrishna & Dugger, 1995).Functional AssessmentFunctional assessments are another diagnostic tool useful to organizations. Functional assessments look at antecedents, behaviors, reasons for the behaviors, and outcomes (Salem, 2002). Antecedents describe what happened before the behavior. The behavior refers to how a person(s) or organization responded to the antecedent. The next question one must ask is why did the person(s)/organization act this way? There are several reasons a p erson or organization responds the way they do. However, there are only a few categories for any given behavior attention, avoidance/escape, and control/ actual (McConnell, Cox, Thomas, & Hilvitz, 2001). Finding the reasoning behind a behavior can be very important in overcoming a behavior/resistance to change or to repeat desirable behaviors to change. Problems associated with functional assessments often revolve around lack of direction. What does the organization do with this data? Functional assessments should be followed by goals. Goals are long-term change for an organization. To achieve their goals, organizations need to develop short-term wins, also called objectives.Change InterventionsChange interventions are the planned programmatic activities aimed at bringing changes in an organization (Sadhu, 2009, para. 1). Interventions are detailed maps to help an organization achieve its long-term change.Aligning Reward Systems through ObjectivesObjectives are a road map to achievi ng an organizations long-term goal. Objectives need to be SMART specific, measurable, achievable, realistic, and timely (Morrison, 2010). As employees or other stakeholders meet objectives, a reward system should be set in place. The reward system needs to be appropriate and balanced with regard to the objective and motivate the organization to meet the objective(s) by the deadline. Problems with reward systems include over compensating, under compensating, and the reward not being meaningful to the recipient (Cole, Harris, & Bernerth, 2006 Morrison, 2010 Nevis, Melnick, Nevis, 2008 Sadhu, 2009. sign of the zodiac Management InterventionMorrison (2010) states there are benefits of embracing resistance. He states embracing resistance can speed up the change process, help build strong relationships, help all stakeholders to meet some of their own personal goals, and keeping leaders from taking untimely or foolish action (Morrison, 2010, para. 22). Johnson (1992) developed a table with four quadrants to depict change initiators and resisters for both individuals and teams. Using this table helps organizations to see the whole picture, understanding where individuals and the organization as a whole is at this time and how to get it individuals and teams from polar opposites to common ground so change can be made (Morrison, 2010). Downsides to Polarity Management Intervention include loosing individual creativity and freedom as well as neglect of personal needs (Morrison, 2010).ReferencesAderfer, C.P. (1980). The methodology of organizational diagnosis. captain Psychology, 11(3), 459-468. doi10.0033-0175/80/1103-0459. Balamuralikrishna, R., & Dugger, J.C. (1995). SWOT analysis A management tool for initiating new programs in vocational schools. Journal of Vocational and Technical Education, 12(1), 5 pages. Retrieved from http//scholar.lib.vt.edu/ejournals/JVTE/v12n1/Balamuralikrishna.htm. Boonstra, J. (2003). kinetics of organizational change and learning. Chiche ster Wiley. Cole, M.S., Harris, S.G., & Bernerth, J.B. (2006). Exploring the implications of vision, appropriateness, and execution of organizational change. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 27(5), 352-367. doi http//dx.doi.org/10.1108/01437730610677963. Holt, D.T. (2002). Readiness for change The development of a scale. Ph.D. dissertation, Auburn University, Alabama. ProQuest Digital Dissertations database. (Publication none AAT 3070767. Huges, M. (2007). The tools and techniques of change management. Journal of change management, 7(1), 37-49. doi 10.1080/14697010309435. JPC (1995). An ethical, means based, approach to organizational change. JPC Media LLC. Retrieved from www.jpcmediallc.com. Linkage (2012). Diagnostic instruments and assessments. Linkage. Retrieved from linkageasia.com/our-leadership-consulting-expertise/diagnostic-instruements-assessments/ Luckett, M.T. (2003). Organizational change and development. (Unpublished dissertation). Walden University, Min neapolis, MN. McConnell, M.E., Cox, C.J., Thomas, D.D., & Hilvitz, P.B. (2001). Functional

Legal Brief Essay

Case name, citation, and court Ashley County, Arkansas v. Pfizer, Inc, 552 F.3d 659 (8th Cir. 2009) Summary of Key Facts An ingredient widely employ in Pfizers products is a necessary ingredient in the manufacturing of methamphetamine in small virulent labs which are responsible for dangerous explosions, burns, and toxic fumes.Arkansas has one of the largest numbers of small toxic labs in the US and is burdened with high costs of fighting the meth epidemic and is seeking to reclaim some of the funds that the counties of Arkansas deem spent.The Issue Is Pfizer ethically responsible for assisting in the funding of fighting the meth epidemic? The Holding Since Pfizer is a major(ip) manufacturer of products containing necessary ingredients used in illegal meth labs and the counties of Arkansas has been so heavily financially burdened by these labs, the damages are obvious.The counties have suffered financial loss from battling a drug that could not be made without the ingredients i n Pfizers products. Because of these damages and Pfizers role in the supply of ingredients to drug labs, it is the responsibility of Pfizer to either, repay the counties and finance the future costs of fighting the meth epidemic or find alternative ingredients to use in their products that cannot be used in the manufacture of meth. Summary of Your Reasoning It is the corporate responsibility of Pfizer to assist in funding the counties operations battling meth.Under a corporate citizenship view, Pfizer is responsible for lend to the solution of the social problem that their products create. Meth is an epidemic rapidly sweeping the nation and it is the responsibility of anyone, or company, with any tie to the drug at all, to tolerate to the solution, the same amount that they contribute to the problem.

European Business Environment Essay

IntroductionThis paper focuses on the magnification of the European totality (EU) and its effects on away and intrinsic relations. Taking into account the analysis and forecast presented before elaborateness, it shows the real consequences of the development. The most essential consequences, as hygienic as problems in part of decision-making and government in the EU, accessible consequences of the enlargement, as well as the result of the feasible economic enlargement of the on both breathing appendage countries and advanced catechumen countries.In taking into account the future(a) of the European nitty-gritty and the perception of regional European, the study specify that for the first time in many decades the EU has the opportunity to strengthen the global role of the society and reunify the continent upkeeped by a common democratic standards and rules, a consecrate in the process of European integration would mainly perhaps mean the gradual marginalization of Europ e as a foremost actor of international associations.The collapse of the Soviet fusion and the f all of the bipolar order greatly affected the development of European integration. One of the main basic challenges was the disappearance of the Eastern Bloc, as the threat of the Soviet hostility served for many years as a amalgamate aspect for the Western community (Baun, 2004). The next challenge was the unification of Germany, as it was obvious for most of European countries that the prospect role and position of the united German state would be stronger and further important than that of Cold War-era Western Germany. At the same illustration, the European Union, formally formed by the accord of Maastricht on 1 November 1993, had to respond to broader problems about its international target and the future shape.It was apparent that the European Union possibly could not build opened its door to nation that was unwary or unable to prove the good organization of their democratic gove rnance. Additionally, the policy channelise for the EU was that planed to outlook for the relationship served as encouragement for the bare-assedly democratic organization in eastern Europe to carry on their complex and socially trouble virtually reforms, the flourishing results of which became significant for the strength of the whole continent.The solution was the Copenhagen condition, explained at the summit of the European Council in Copenhagen in 1993. The rules issued general necessities for starting stiff democratic organizations, respect for individual and minority human rights, and suitable instruments for promised market economy (Lindner, 2003).Upon meeting the requirement, the first candidates was capable of open the accession talks in 1998. Ten new-sprung(prenominal) extremitys that united the European Union on 1 May 2004 completed these consultations in 2002.Jointly with the growth in 2004, the EU-15 developed into EU-25 after on Bulgarian and Romanian accessi on on 1 January 2007, the coming together became the EU-27. The growth from 15 to 27 part states was the biggest in the history of European internalisation process growing the number of the EU population from about 380 to 485 million. The new states members were medium-sized and small countries, though each of the new associate has achieved the same rights as existing members of the EU.The enlargement of Eastern has been the major difficulties in the history of European integration, not simply because of the number of new states member joining the European Union at the same time, that mainly because of differences in the level of the gross national product (GNP) involving the old and the new members states of the EU. An evaluation of GNP per capita confirms that the richest new members state have not go beyond 40% of the standard EU-15 level and much bigger asymmetry is opened by the evaluation with the wealthiest states members of the old union (Miles, 2004).In reality, earlier enlargement rounds, like the one in 1973, to comprise the Ireland, Denmark and United Kingdom the one in 1995, to include Austria, Finland, and Sweden, was accessions of states similar in economic benefit and wealth.Merely the membership of Spain and Greece in 1981 and Portugal in 1986 caught up the enlargements of countries, which were much not as good as at the moment of their accession than the standard member of the society. This led to a question of harmony between the poorer members and the rich, and needed additional financial contribution of the wealthiest member states to sustain governmental and economic transformation in the new member countries. Although the old member countries reacted with hesitation, they in the long run agreed to such assistance, being aware that it would support democratic transformation on the Continent and support to eliminate intimidation of instability for the whole society, while contributing to formation of the common European marketplace. Neverthe little the Eastern enlargement twenty years later on was incomparable in its variableness of economic potentials and the interns of GNP per capita involving the old and the new members still with the Southern growth of the European Community (EC) in the mid-1980s (Nugent, 2004). This irregularity of enlargement collectively with guardianships in Western Europe about social cost, problems of intra-union administration as well as the continuing crises of EU characteristics have increase the face of the Eastern enlargement years after the enlargement, these concern continue to distress the integration development, consequently it is worth focusing on a a couple of(prenominal) of them.Even ahead of agreement, it was obvious that the Eastern enlargement from 15 to 28 members would force management and decision-making processes in the European Union, as well as the possible to paralyze or at least farm difficult the mechanisms formed in the EU-15. Predicting the enlargement , the old members attempted to organize the internal decision-making systems to incorporate the new members.The detonator of The Netherlands and Nice Treaties broaden the scope of verdict to be taken supported on Qualified Majority Voting (QMV), as an alternative of harmony, and the Nice Treaty formed a specific majority system (Schmitter, 2004). It established each of the 27 members an exact number of votes gleaming its demographical potential. The major members of the EU France, Germany, Italy and the UK, were awarded 29 votes each, and the smallest states capital of Luxembourg 3 and Malta 4 votes, correspondingly. Poland, as the largest new member, was given 27 votes, the equivalent to the number as Spain. However, the rule of the accord has remained at as the foundation of all decision-making in the EU, particularly when it comes to critical political decisions. Even so, the caution of Taylor remained applicable as the effectiveness of decision-making in the distended European Union needed further internal amendment.The response was Treaty making a Constitution for Europe gestural in Rome on 29 October 2004. The new agreement went comparatively removed in its application, yet Netherlands and the France rejected the European Constitution in referendums and the last effort to improve the internal utility of the EU was the Lisbon Treaty signed on 13 December 2007.The Lisbon Treaty is in actual fact a series of provisions originally presented in the European Constitution. It has make things easier for the EUs legal procedures and has established the European Union a legal personality, as well as helping harmonization of the EUs policies establishing the posts of the EU President and Foreign Minister. It reflects the objections of some members who strained the principal independence of the member states, resultant in the cut of most references that could advocate for the character of the European Union as a (super-) state, counting the initial names of the n ew EU council. As an effect, the new EU Foreign Minister has lastly twist the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy. However, the prospect of the treaty had been vague for almost two years, as its implementation required baulk in all member states.After the optimistic result of the second Irish referendum on 2 October 2009, the president of the Czech Republic, the Polish president, Vaclav Klaus and Lech Kaczynski, finally decided to sign the Treaty. This permitted the Lisbon Treaty to come in into force on 1 December 2009 (Nugent, 2004a).The approach of the citizens in the new member states towards European incorporation has generally been optimistic. For instance, the effects of the agreement referendum in Poland demonstrated support for the association at 77%. After enlargement, assistance in Poland is still at a high level of about 70% (Preston, 1997).The Office of the Committee for European Integration, Warsaw 2009 all together, still, enlar gement provoked serious worries among Western EU member countries. The forecast of the enlargement were a basis of anxiety among the populace in the old, wealthier counties members of the EU, as well as the fears of joblessness and huge immigration of employees from the much poorer states of East-Central Europe. Piotr M. Kaczynski specified that the new states were better organized for enlargement as they projected changes and were required to plan for membership. The older members and their societies only experienced the test of the Eastern enlargement on the day of new members agreement (Nugent, 2004b). This resulted in the distribution of fears and slogans about the Polish nurse or Polish plumber frightening for job chances for topical anesthetic Western Europeans.Few in Western Europe left devoid of the benefits of the Eastern enlargement for stabilization, democratization, and union of the continent. Yet the Westerners worried that Eastern enlargement would establish the ques tions of decision-making, management, asymmetry in economic potentials and as well as raise the requirement for a broader process of structuring mutual consideration between the two theatrical role equally of Europe divided for almost 50 years by the Iron Curtain. (Hagemann, Sara/De, Julia 2007) Still, there were numerous forecasts concerning the migration prospective. Some of them projected that the immigration from the new states would differ from 6% to even 30% of their keep down populace (105 million), but those much practical showed that the migration would be approximately 3-5% or yet only 2% in the longer time, taking return migration into consideration (Nugent, 2004b).In actuality, the Eastern enlargement has only in part established the fears of Western European civilization and its social effects have been less serious than projected. At the same time, it has established most of the scholars forecasts.In agreement with the data obtainable by Euro stat for the end of 200 8, the total digit of the immigrants from the new states members has been approximately 1.7 million (Gurot, 2005).This does not comprise session seasonal personnel, the number of which could be expected as an additional few snow thousand with a propensity to sluggish down for the reason that of the current world economic disaster.The most frequent immigrants were Poles (Poland being the most crowded new member state) and Romanians operating mostly in the Ireland, Spain, and United Kingdom. Polish specialist have projected that the actual number of Poles operating in the old member countries of the EU has been at the level of 11.12 million (out of entirety 38 million of populace) with a possible of additional 0.6 million of seasonal recruits (Stacey, and Berthold 2003). These numbers may seem considerable, but it would be difficult to treat them as a massive influx of workers from the East.All in all, the trouble of migration from the new state member cannot be overlooked and will go on to play an important role in the opinion of euro-skeptics, but it emerge to be much less grave than originally estimated. This is accurate mainly in the situation of the current world economic catastrophe and increasing social protests adjacent to the foreign employment force in the UK and different principal states of the European Union. It may perhaps also persuade the old members to formulate informal efforts at protectionism, although the regulations of the free safari of industry and capital within the European particular market.One of the areas of debate before enlargement was the cost of the process. Yet it seems that the Eastern enlargement of the European Union has not been overly expensive, especially in comparison to the benefits. Several authors have concluded that in the longer term the enlargement would have small but positive growth effects on the whole EU, although lower in the case of the old members and higher with regard to new member states, with forecast s of an additional boilersuit EU growth by 0.5 to 0.7%. However, it is clear that the main benefits of the enlargement are political ones, namely the opportunity to reunify the Continent and in this context, the costs of the enlargement were indeed low (estimated for the financial framework 2004-2006 at 40.16 billion euro, or 1.08% of EU GNP) (Faber, 2009).Though, looking at the differences in economic prospective and wealth-level involving the old states and new states members, it seems not possible to expect that their convergence would be attained in the short or even medium time. This implies a tough need for aiding finances from the richest states of the European Union for the improvement of the new state members. Therefore, the dilemma of financial unity between the poorest and the richest in the EU will turn into much more grave for the future of the Union than whichever time before, still after the Southern enlargement in the 1980s (Falkner, 1996).The narrow financial wealth at the Unions disposal has led to discussion in the EU about its financial point of view. The member states take up two differing positions. France and Germany, as the leaders donors, have grown hesitant to increase their assistance to the common EU budget. The financial discussions for the period 2007-2013 incorporated the demand of the major net-contributors to edge the EU resources to 1% of the Communitys GNP. The ultimate resolution accepted a maximum of 1.045%, but the indecision of the richest members to wrap the additional expenditure of the enlarged EU was understandable.The new state members, conversely, joined the EU with the hope of financial support and harmony. Knowing that their active growth depend on the kindness of the richest states of the EU, the new state fear that, the imposing idea of harmony might crash with the exaction economic interests of the main EU members. Such a distribution of the EU members into the center of the most change and wealthiest nations and East-Central Europe as an edge could intimidate European integration.Yet even though the limited economic resources exist in the EU budget, the load-bearing(a) of the new members states has been reasonable so far. Poland, for instance, as the largest recipient, is getting a net-assistance of 60 billion in the episode of 2007-2013, mostly in the form of structural and solid state funds. However, the most important concern is to keep this level of the help in the next financial agenda (2014-2020). This will be the main issue of the future discussion.The wealthiest and strongest states of the EU have well thought-out reducing some forms of support to new members states and support spending that would center more on new technologies, competitiveness, and innovation of the EU in the global economy. Even if it is apparent that the EU requires being more successful on the global prospect, it is evident that the financial capital available in the upcoming EU budget for innovation and new technologies would most possibly help the wealthiest state of the Union. The new states with their much poorer economies and less advance(a) will not be capable to struggle for this money.The new East-Central European members projected full-fledged contribution in the decision-making method of the EU, as well as value for their opinion, despite their imperfect economic potentials. But the political discussion just after the Eastern extension, which led into the new suggestion of the European Constitution and the Lisbon Treaty, were challenging for the new members states and tackle them with the perception of the new form of the European Union only a few months following their agreement.These mountain were most difficult for Poland the largest country in the group of new states, however a medium-size state members in the EU with its ambition of playing an active political task in the European Union. In the case of Poland, which was to lower some of its recognized position in t he EU exacted in the number of votes in a number of Union institutions, it was hard to clarify to people why the regulations of the membership must be altered so quickly after the agreement.Examining the first time after the Eastern extension, Piotr M. Kaczynski sustains that the economic outcome of the growth have been clearly constructive. The new state members improved quickly and much earlier than expected. Though, he finds that the political aspect of the enlargement is harder to review. After a first period of compliance, the new state members, particularly Czech Republic and the Poland, became more self-confident in the EU, which resulted to some quarrel between the administration of these nations and EU system. Equally Czech Republic and the Poland mainly reacted to the thoughts coming from the Western part of the EU. Their political program, if any, were typically poorly devise and cast off (Steunenberg, 2002a).Later, after the enlargement, Poland and all new members comp rehend more visibly that it is not only the amount of votes that make a decision their place and ability to pressure decision-making procedures in the EU. They have attained convenient experience and become more familiar with the actual political device, including the regulations of effective alliance edifice and cooperation. Dirk Leuffen has explained it as a progression of enculturation in which the new state members learn how to deal with the informal and formal rules and standards in the EU. From his perspective point of view, this socialisation should be well thought-out as a medium-term development ( Dirk 2010).The skill gained during the five years following the enlargement appear to back up that the time of socialization will be shorter relatively than longer. The current Polish-Swedish suggestion of Eastern Partnership (Steunenberg, 2002b), to reinforce collaboration with several Eastern neighbors of the inflamed European Union, helped by the other members of the EU, demo nstrate that new states can efficiently take part to flourishing program, or at slightly be significant partners of doing well initiatives offered together with some old states members. As consequence, the succession of the new states from East-Central Europe has not been as detrimental to the EU administration as it was at times recommended in Western Europe earlier than the enlargement.In conclusions, the effects of the Eastern enlargement on external and internal relations of the European Union have not been as tragic as it was occasionally feared prior to enlargement. The addition from 15 to 28 member nations, as well as the significant economic unevenness between old state and new state member have shaped some administration problems for the EU, but they have not busted it.The European Union ought to now focus on amplification of its present instruments and institutions. The new states have rapidly learned the Unions regulations and procedures and to place political conciliati on before majority of votes. Thus, the agreement code has retained its center value in the EU. The significance of the incorporation process is the vision of a new regional individuality based on resolution among the European countries. The Eastern enlargement has opened the way to a real unification of the continent. After the occurrence of two World Wars on its region, it behooves Europe not to lose this opportunity. Thus, harmony between the old states and new members remains the subject to a flourishing future of the society.ReferencesBaun, Michael 2004 Intergovernmental political relation. In Nugent, Neill (ed.) European Union Enlargement. Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 132-145.Blockmans, Steven/Prechal, Sacha (eds.) 2008 Reconciling the Deepening and railroad siding of the European Union. The Hague T.M.C Asser PressDehousse, Renaud/Deloche-Gaudez, Florence/Duhamel, Olivier (eds.) 2006 largissement. Common lEuropesadapte. Paris Centre dtudes europennes, Presses Sciences Po.Dirk Leuff en 2010. Breaking the Camels Back? Eastern Enlargement and EU Governance. ECPR Paper Number 853, Center for Comparative and International Studies, ETH Zurich, p. 6Faber, Anne 2009 Eastern Enlargement in Perspective A Comparative View on EC/EU Enlargements. In Loth, Wilfried (ed.) Experiencing Europe. 50 Years of European Construction 1957-2007. Baden-Baden Nomos, pp. 305-325.Falkner, Gerda 1996 Enlarging the European Union. In Richardson, Jeremy J. (ed.) European Union. proponent and policy-making. London/New York Routledge, pp. 233-246Gurot, Ulrike 2005 Consequences and Strategic Impact of Enlargement on the (Old) EU. In Brimmer, Esther/ Frhlich, Stefan (eds.) The Strategic Implications of European Union Enlargement. Johns Hopkins University Centre for transatlantic Relations, pp. 53-72.Hagemann, Sara/De Clerck-Sachsse, Julia 2007 Decision-Making in the Council of Ministers Evaluating the Facts. CEPS Policy brief No. 119, January 2007, available at http//www.ceps.be.Lindner, Johan nes 2003 Institutional stability and change two sides of the same coin. Journal of European habitual Policy 106, December 2003, pp. 912-935.Miles, Lee 2004 Theoretical Considerations. In Nugent, Neill (ed.) European Union Enlargement. Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 253-265.Nugent, Neill (ed.) 2004 European Union Enlargement. Palgrave Macmillan.Nugent, Neill 2004a Previous Enlargement Rounds. In Nugent, Neill (ed.) European Union Enlargement. PalgraveMacmillan, pp. 22-33.Nugent, Neill 2004b Distinctive and Recurrent Features of Enlargement Rounds. In Nugent, Neill (ed.) European Union Enlargement. Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 56-69.Preston, Christopher 1997 Enlargement and Integration in the European Union. London/New York RoutledgSchmitter 2004 Neo-Neofunctionalism. In Wiener, Antje/Diez, Thomas (eds.) European Integration Theory. Oxford Oxford University Press, pp. 45-74.Stacey, Jeffrey/Rittberger, Berthold 2003 Dynamics of formal and informal institutional change in the EU. Journal of Europe an Public Policy 106, December 2003, pp. 858-883.Steunenberg, Bernard (ed.) 2002 Widening the European Union. The government activity of institutional change and reform. London/New York Routledge.Steunenberg, Bernard 2002a Enlargement and reform in the European Union. In Steunenberg, Bernard (ed.) Widening the European Union. The politics of institutional change and reform. London/New York Routledge, pp. 3-20.Steunenberg, Bernard 2002b An even wider Union. The effects of enlargement on EU decision-making. In Steunenberg, Bernard (ed.) Widening the European Union. The politics of institutional change and reform. London/ New York Routledge, pp. 97-118.

Pay for Time Not Worked

The average hourly rated full-time employee makes almost $33,000 a year in year. Which broken down to ein truth the time given impinge on, only actually earns about $26,000. As for the employees which ar paid through set salaries, the average Individual makes about $40,000 In which only about $33,000 Is worked productively. As we passel see, we are losing out about $7,000 per employee, hourly or not. All the given non-productive is the same for all employees across the board. As you can see, this issue needs to be addressed and hence my recommendations. We have 60 employees in our corporate chest.On average, we lose out on about $420,000. 00 a year. We can definitely justify back on some of these non-productive hours and start making them profitable. All employees get 10 years holiday, we can change our probation period from 90 to 120 days, and employees are not allowed to take any time off until they have successfully surpassed 6 months. Furthermore, depending on your start date with the conjunction, we can prorate the amount of vacation time allowed. If you commence In the months of November or December, vacation does not apply being that we go by the calendar year.In regards to holidays, we can exclude from having he day after Thanksgiving off, this would save us about $9500. 00 for this one day alone and it would increase our productivity during the holiday season which can be very beneficial in our case being that property management companies unendingly have tenants calling into the office right before a major holiday. Moreover, company policy states that there should be 10 days of training for every department. Nevertheless, the training period of 10 days does not need to apply to everyone. I believe that some procedures can be learned in one week as impertinent to two.Training policies should be adjusted depending on department and position. Anyone who Is eager to learn can do it in the distribute time and If this is not the case, other ind ividuals need to be seeded especially If the position Is not debut level. Lastly, another aspect of non-productive time which can be clipd Is the minutes on the coffee break. on that point are currently two dally coffee breaks which are 15 minutes each. We can reduce them to 10 minutes or 5 minutes each and the caffeine addicts would nave no Dados to complain . We would a Know Tanat people are at tenet ease longer Duty enjoying their coffee at the same time.In conclusion, non-productive time can be educed in a manner that will benefit the company but no upset the employees at the same time. The economy right now is a yobbo one and no one wants to be out of a Job or get their hours orient back because we all have bills to pay every month. The proposed changes are both realistic and possible. It is Just a matter of presenting it to the employees in a manner in which they understand is needed for the company and beneficial. We can always make comparisons with other companies who ha ve it worse than we do and this would help them see that less non-productive time is conk out than no non-productive time.

Racial Ethnic Groups in the United States

Even in 2013 racial discrepancy and ethic differences ar a struggle in the join States. This is mainly repayable to the feature that contrasted fifty years ago when the country was split right black and white, at that place atomic number 18 straight to a greater extent races involved. Granted, the generations now ar much more knowledgeable close to the ethic differences, most feignt see any harm in a person judged based on their undress color. However, those who do still find it a problem have calculaten it to the extreme to let their opinions be known.Take for suit in week fives reading the hatred that was betrayed against Asian Americans in the receiving set show where over two dozen Asian Americans were physically injured, thirteen of which had to go to the hospital because their African American classmates decided to fight. However that is not the worst snap off of that situation. Instead of the security guards and t individuallyers doing something to stop th e hate, they let it continue. And this is in every race. umteen heap in todays day and age hunt to pick more on the Latino groups of America.This is mainly due to the event that a lot of them are not in the joined States legally. Included in these races are hoi polloi of Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Venezuelan heritage. The main solid ground for some of these immigrants to come to the United States is to receive a better life. But with this immigration mainly come a sort to assimilate properly to their local neighborhoods to live the American focus. By assimilating in the United States iodin is able to adopt the cultural traits and/or identity of the host group, Americans, and/or integrate into the primary networks and substitute organizations of the host group.(Feagin and Feagin)While coming into the country guiltyly the Latino race automatically puts a bad stress in most Americans mouths because on top of them coming into the country without proper paperwork, they take a look jobs that could be used for other Americans simply because Latinos are known for taking a dismay pay so that they may be paid in cash verses check based on the simple fact that they do not have proper documentation to be working in the United States. According to Milton Gordon, author of the influential Assimilation in American Life, there are many problems with assimilation.This though involved mainly European groups coming into the United States that they were not giveing to adjust to the upkeep styles of another country. This being the main problem of immigrants is that they allow not forego racial difference to choke into the country. Gordon suggested that this will be the main problem with America in the future. (Page 31, racial and social traffic census Update, Ninth Edition, 9E by Clairece Booher R Feagin and Joe R. Feagin, Pearson) This of course is not the case with all Latinos though.There are many people of these races that live in the United States legally that are hardworking and want to the properly the American way. These are the kind of people though that end up getting left in the dust because not many realize that some people want to be a part of the country to that extend. These Latin Americans have fully comprehended the concept of socializing, or cultural assimilation, which is the change of one groups important cultural patterns to those of the host or dominant group. (Feagin and Feagin) This doesnt mean though that Latin Americans, or any race, have to give up their entire cultural habits.It simply means that they understand that they came into a antithetical country and they respect the fact that some things culturally are done differently. For instance there were many situations brought up in the video on 60 Minutes regarding the American Canal. Americans see that supply as a water source for their vegetables in the winter, however those from Mexico see it as a knockout way into the United States. This is of course a problem between the two races because the Americans dont spirit they need to alter the safetyof the canal so that Mexicans dont continue to keep drowning in the water in attempts to get into the country illegally.Asian Americans have a huge burden on them just like the Latino races but its not as much as being considered illegal. Their pressure is more of an educational outlook. They are expected to excel in school and get cracking grades at high education at the best colleges. Some of this plays into their benefit though considering the life they will be able to live by better educating themselves. They are pressured with these expectations through their own families though too.For instance it is assumed that if a Caucasian American meets an Asian American while they are at school, such(prenominal) as college, it may be assumed that the Asian American is good at math. It might not be verbally said, but as Americans that is a trait that Asian Americans have always had. This is a t rait though that does not , and should not, be given up with trying to fit into the American way of life. If anything a trait like this only enhances living in America. Take for instance the breakdown of educations in America.Asian-Indian Americans lead the country when it comes to obtaining a Bachelors degree from college with 70.1%, Chinese Americans follow with 52. 1% Philippine Americans 48%, Vietnamese Americans at 27. 8%, Asian-Indian Americans with 70. 1%, and White Americans with 30. 7%. (Page 338, Racial and Ethnic Relations Census Update, Ninth Edition, 9E by Clairece Booher R Feagin and Joe R. Feagin, Pearson) Even according to Gordon, the transition of Asian Americans into the United States companionship is a lot easier that other races and it has a lot to do with their ability to want to learn and serve up not only their culture and people but the society of people in which they surround themselves.According to the look done in the Feagin and Feagin text the amount of Asian students not only applying but getting admitted into college is change magnitude every year. A study shows that in 1979 2. 6 percent of students admitted into Brown University were of Asian descent. In 1993 however, it jumped to 14. 8 percent of the students accepted. Many researchers though such as James Madore of the Christian Science Monitor evaluate Asian Americans as model minorities. However they still have their troubles.For instance the National Asian peaceable American Bar Association (NAPABA) argued with U. S. Supreme Court nominee Clarence Thomas for his use of the term model minority when describing Asian Americans. Thomas argued that Asian Americans transcended the ravages caused even by harsh legal and social discrimination and should not be beneficiaries of government affirmative action because they are overrepresented in key institutions. (Page339 , Racial and Ethnic Relations Census Update, Ninth Edition, 9E by Clairece Booher R Feagin and Joe R.Feagin, Pearson)The term model minority can be taken as a good or bad quality as explained in the supra paragraphs it is all a matter of who is saying it and in what context they are using the title. But it expresses the fact that Asian Americans still face hard consequences in the United States based on assimilation and acculturation because even though some of their traits from their own heritage are beneficial to Americans, Americans then feel pique that someone is coming into the country trying to take over schools and education.It is hard to be an immigrant in the United States and that is understood by a lot of people in the country. But at the same while Americans want to keep their reputation of living the American dream with excellent jobs and families that love and support each other with the right to stick up for what they believe in and the will to pursue their dreams in some(prenominal) they wish. It is the some groups of Americans that have backed down to the immigrants of the country and have been belittled by thoseassimilating into the United States.It is these Americans that create the hate in the country against entire races verses individuals. It is the lack of education on Americans that plays into part of the frustration of the country. No one notices those trying to do things the correct way but that may be because there are so many immigrants in the country that are illegal and take advantage of the fact that they dont have to do anything to stay in the country. But this is not Living the American Dream.Immigrants that are taking advantage of any states aid, or not agreeing to institutionalize proper documentation to become a citizen to receive a paycheck instead of a rase pay but being paid in cash are a huge part of the problem. Taxes play into this just as much. Immigrants to America are not stupid. America taxes everything and everyone is required to pay them. non everyone does though. Having many other races enter the country in this day and age gives those of this generation a cue stick to what happened many years ago when whites and blacks were ordered to stay separated.There are still parts of the country that blacks are not welcomed and they are discriminated against. It is almost as if no laws were overturned. Today there are still about eleven states in the country without a street dedicated to Martin Luther King Junior, and some states say they do not plan on including that street in the maps anytime soon. With racial issues almost always a meshing it is almost near impossible to say that everyone one day will be entirely content and created equal. The battle between White Americans against Asian Americans against Latino Americans and African Americans seems to be a neer terminus battle.In his research, Gordon believe that the integration of African Americans into the core economy and society is well under way. (Page 205 , Racial and Ethnic Relations Census Update, Ninth Edition, 9E by Clairece Boohe r R Feagin and Joe R. Feagin, Pearson)This indicates simply that the full migration of different races, though thought to be fixed many years ago, still has many small details to be drawn out. all(prenominal) person whom goes to school learns about the horrible way that African Americans were treated forrader any slavery laws were abolished.It is a part of any history class at an early age. Every child in America should be able to answer simple questions such as what was Jim gloat segregation. Could this be that years down the road history is repeating itself only with another race, which race will it be? Will it be all of them? Will it be illegal immigrants? African Americans though were spontaneous to fight for what they believed they had a right to, they stood up and protected themselves and many dies fighting for what they believe in, which is the exact way that Americans are known to live their lives.That quality in itself is one of the most solid reasons as to why African Americans are treated equally in America now as opposed to having different drinking fountains and bathrooms and having to sit in the back of the bus. Many of the challenges facing African Americans today are more subtle and involve a struggle that is more within the African American community than without. Many of these challenges involve fighting negative stereotypes that were born from hip hop videos or the misuse of power and pledge by well-known figures in the African American community.The struggle involves pushing against institutional barriers that have been modify by those in favor of maintaining a historical precedent or the status quo. For example, it oftentimes seems easier for urban center leaders to support the new school district that educates the suburban community rather than funding the try inner city schools. And simply because an organization has never had an African American leader, does not mean that it never should.Finally, the struggle involves a continue d determination to resist an apathetic attitude toward the problems in the African American community. In many instances, it is not the opinionated few who determine the overall outcome, but the indifference of the volume who are usually directly affected by the decision that they fail to be a part of. Discrimination is described as the actions carried out by members of dominant groups, or their representatives, that have a derived function and harmful effect on member of subordinate racial or ethnic groups.Since times of racial issues the word discrimination can be used for other things also. Many people even in the year 2013 are being discriminated for physical or mental differences too. There is so much hate in the United States yet and many people are not aware of it. Discrimination due to skin tone, physical or mental differences can have long tern effects on a person and often cause, like in the Asian cultures, attempts at suicide. These are actions that can be avoided if pe ople would just educate themselves on the hate that is still in the world.

Native culture

inwrought culture BY abra6766 autochthonous Wo manpowers Roles in the Southwest In the essential American culture, wo workforce are non much talked about even though they do play an in-chief(postnominal) role in the Native alliance. Women dont only serve as a housekeeper, which is the generally believed myth, scarce they rather do other social function like farming and crafting while the men were out hunting. Native Americans even believed that women had to a greater extent healing powers than the men did and thus we have heard of more medicine women than medicine men.Also, to the native culture, melody and dance is an important part of the culture. fifty-fifty though doneout class we have learned that women play a lesser of a role in native music and dance, they actually do a lot more to provide to their society culturally. In my essay, I will be focusing on the roles of Native American women in the skills of music, dance and daily chores which are of particular importan ce to the Indian culture. We principal(prenominal)ly focus on the southwestern United Statesern region and how women in the southwest contri preciselye which in m whatsoever cases overlap with other regions.The music in the southwest includes styles such as Navajo and Apache and they hold agricultural ceremonies like Kachina. Southwest is believed to be cognise for its outstanding womens musical custom of using leg rattles which is used while they dance (Southwest Navajo Indians). Even though men are given importance while singing or spring, women do play a supporting role in the dancing and singing and they are not completely ignored by the Indian community. Normally, women dance on their spots while men tend to move around in circles or other formations.Women too do sing, but many times men do the main stream singing, while the females accompany them. But in most cases women only accompany in the dancing or even ance solo without men rather than sing. These celebrations of da ncing and singing occur during ceremonies held by the community. both such celebrations that I found interesting and that played an important role in the native womens look were the Navajo coming of the age Lords Supper and the Navajo wedding ceremonial occasion.The Navajo coming of age ceremony is the celebration in the southwest region, of a girl undergoing puberty where she is no longer a girl but a woman. The ceremony includes a song sung by the medicine man to mark the change in the girls experimental condition rom girl to woman. After the singing is done, she runs east and she is escorted by a few men whose map is to keep the evil spirit away. The Southwest is not the only tribe that holds ceremonies but the region of atomic number 20 also holds ceremonies as such Flower Girl which has a similar meaning behind the ceremony, but not necessarily the same ritual.The other ceremony is the Navajo wedding ceremony which is quite an unique ceremony because it is a custom in t he Navajo culture where the groom gets married into the brides home base which is opposite in the ase of the of the American tradition. It is said that the womans family gets a son instead of losing a daughter which is the opposite in many protestent traditions. The groom gives up his family in order to adopt his brides family and relative. Whenever the groom travels, he seeks shelter in the household of his brides relatives rather than his own (Southwest Navajo Indians).Thus, ceremonies did give importance to women in tribal society. Another important aspect ot Native American culture is the regalia and clothing. Women were the seamstresses. They gave high importance to he making of clothing and they added in decorations and compound details that signify deep meaning like power and stature (Native American Clothing). Women also do these clothings with care and tenderness as a symbol of love for their loved ones. umteen of these outfits are make out of animals that were hunted by the men.Women treated animals as sacred beings and they make sure that did waste any part of the animal or animal product. Womens regalia include a skirt with legging and the skirts differ according to tribe also they would wear tunic style shirts. In any tribes, women actually wore dresses made out of buckskin. These unique clothing styles set the Indians apart from other cultures. When it comes to religion, women are believed to be more powerful. Even though there are some medicine men, women are commonly found doing the role medicine woman.They play an important role during ceremonies like the Navajo coming of the age ceremony. They are considered to have healing powers which lasts them through death. Women more easily become medicine woman because they are more familiar with medicinal herbs than the men (Medicine Woman). A woman is gifted her powers during her sleep by one of the spirits. One task of Native American women as a matter in fact every woman which goes unnoticed is their contribution to society with young and new members ( The Womens Role).This holds importance in Indian tribes because they are so small and compact they top executive not have enough members and without a new generation, none of the cultures or traditions would be passed down but would rather die off. Many Indian societies today face the danger of extinction because they do not have enough members to carry on with the traditions or many times these embers lack the interest in learning more about their culture. Women play an important role as a housekeeper and provide their children with basic knowledge about the tribal society and its importance.Therefore, it can be concluded that Native American women do play an important role in their society as clearly shown by the women of the southwestern region. Many of these duties performed by women overlap with other regions like the Northwest and Arctic. In most cases some of the rituals and traditions are the same with a slight difference. Even though it is elieved that men play a major role in the tribal society, it is not true because women play an equal role as men do and also contribute to their tribal society.

African Resistance to Colonial Rule Essay

Industrialization stirred ambition in some(prenominal) European nations they wanted more resources to fuel their industrial production. They compete for new market for their goods .they looked to Africa as a source of the raw material and as well as market for their goods.However European had foregoing establish contact with Africa as early as the 1450s, they actually controlled very little land. Powerful African armies were able to keep the European out of most of Africa for tetrad centuries.it was ga at that placed that the first explorer of Africa were the Lusitanian in the 15th century, at that time the gap between the European and the African in marge of development was not much. Thus four centuries had marked a significant change in edge of development in Europe which Africa cannot match. That prompts the European occupation of Africa.The berlin conference which took place between the 15th November ,1884 and twenty-sixth November,1885,the berlin west African conference, t o prevent fighting 14 European nation met at the berlin conference to laydown rules for the variant of Africa. The essence of the conference as it were was to laydown rules of the game, the do and donts of European occupation interest in Africa which were ulterior articulated.However in achieving total occupation of Africa the Europeans apply diplomacy or multitude invasion or both in achieving their aim. Every nooks and cranny of Africa followed in most cases by military invasions, conquest, and occupation by armies of varying sizes and discipline. The period from 1800-1900 marked the highest level of European conquest and occupation of Africa. During these time all African had same objective that is defending their sovereignty and customs dutyal way of life, it is the strategies that varies. Three options were opened to African, that of encounter, that of alliance and that of assent (accept without protest) or submission. The strategy of pg. 1 con front endation involved ope n warfare, sieges, and guerrilla tactics, scorched earth policies as well as diplomacy.However various linguistic rules choose method that suited them their understanding, the likes of the Asantes who choose confrontation as a rampart against the European after many years of resistance fell in 1896 when the British army raided the then Asantehene Agyeman Prempeh 1 of the Asante empire capturing him along with his loyal chiefs and as well as his mother ,who were sent on exile first to sierra Leon and later to Seychelles .Another prominent African swayer who successfully resist European rule was emperor moth Menenelik 11 of Ethiopia used what I described as alliance and pretence, through these he gain the trust of the Italian, reached an agreement them to sign the treaty of Occiat. History has it that there were two version of the treaty one in Italian and the other one in Amharic both treaties were different in content. Emperor Menenelik 11 of Ethiopia was wise to have signed the i n his language. afterward the signing of the treaty Italian declared themselves as the representative of Ethiopian on foreign affairs, Emperor Menenelik 11 of Ethiopia knowing exactly what he signed sent a circular letter to Italy and the European power stating his case.Before Italian could realized they have been cheated its already too late. They invaded Ethiopia in 1986 sole(prenominal) to have lost to a tactically and wellarmed army powered by the Italian themselves. This shame of these obliterate lead to Italian invasion of Ethiopia by Benito Mussolinis in1936. Elsewhere, when the French attacked Ouagadougou the deposed Mogbo of Naba, Wobogo made sacrifice to the earth shrine, tradition has it that he sacrificed a black cock, a black donkey and a black slave on a large hill near the Volta river beseeching the earth goddess to drove the French away and to repeal the traitor Mazi who they had placed on the throne.In the aftermath of the European conquest, Africa resisted Euro pean occupation of Africa from the Asante, the Ethiopians and the Mossi of Ouagadougou each ruler choose different approach to resistance. In which that of Menelik11 was the most successful.it could be noted that lack of common front lead to the unproductive, unrewarding effort against the European conquest. Thurs the great Egyptian empire as they were, the Asante empire,the Somoury Toure of Senegambia, the Ethiopian and the Zulu empire could have fought together to resist the European on common front of which would pg. 2 have been successful. In spite of this the various African communities were facing considerable tussle for empire from their neighbours even when one calls for befriend the other saw that as a means to acquire more empire.However territorial participation triggered the ineffectiveness of the resistance, the British used the conflict between the Fante and the Asante to declare Asante a savage land, thereby acquiring both at the long runHowever it could be noted that African lacks courage and military science compared to their European counterpart. African is at heavy disadvantages in the face of the invaders. During the scramble for African the European had advanced military power compared to that of Africa, Africa could not defend against the canon and the Maxim gun when African were sedate using old ways of combat that involve bow, arrow, spear and machete.Moreover the European used vast experience they acquired from their long history of colonial rule and exploitation around the world in detail by 1885weatern European had already mastered the art of divide, conquer and rule having skilled over four centuries of imperialism and exploitation in America, Asia and the pacific.Nonetheless African resistance not be said to be fruitless effort but a partly won battle which at an enormous degree of experience. The resistance gave birth to nationalism, in fact by 1935 when the Italian conquered Ethiopia under the rule of Benito Mussolini, Afri cans were united on the read to wrestle back Ethiopia from the Italian by mean means of radical nationalist movement in Africa. Other African countries had looked upon Ethiopia as a source of hope. Its long history and culture were impressive. Its independent was used to prove the ability of African to conduct their affair. African nationalist and pan Africanist everywhere were united in their condemnation of colonial and their resolve to seek all possible means to end it. I bequeath conclude A lesson well learnt the African resistance to colonial rule.REFERENCE1. oxford advanced learners dictionary seventh edition2. Age of African imperialism, imperialist divides Africa pg 685 pdf